Sunday, 7 August 2016

Olympic Karate Commission




Message from Mr. Nakahara Nobuyuki,8th Chairman of the JKA

Mr. Nakahara Nobuyuki
Long ago, in 520 AD, a famous Indian Buddhist by the name of Bodhi-dharma traveled to China, sat in meditation facing a temple wall for nine straight years, and finally attained spiritual enlightenment.
He then created Zen Buddhism in China. And to strengthen his dis-ciples and monks he taught them a primitive, prototypical form of a‘bare-handed, bare-footed’ martial art which he had brought with him from India.
For a thousand years that martial art developed and flourished in China. And then in the middle ages it was brought to Okinawa—in the Ryukyu Islands just east across the China Sea. There it merged with the indige-nous bare-handed fighting style known as Te (‘Hand’), to eventually become Kara-Te (‘China-Hand’).
Many masters of Kara-Te (karate) appeared in the Ryukyu Islands in the next few hundred years. And finally, early in the 20th century, one of them, Supreme Master Funakoshi Gichin (1868-1957), brought what he thought was the most perfect form of the art north to central Japan.

He Became the Heart of the JKA

Master Funakoshi was a man of extraordinary spirit and force, the one who introduced karate, which today is often described as ‘Zen in motion,’ to the world.
He was also the one who changed the character for kara in karate from China (‘China’)* to another character whose reading is exactly the same but whose meaning is very different: Emptiness (‘emptiness;’ the central philosophi-cal insight of Buddhism).
*(‘Kara,’ a name which specifically refers to the Tang Dynasty [617-908 AD] was until the early decades of the 20th century the popular name for ‘China’ in Japan.)
It was he who became the heart of the JKA—the one around whom, more than half a century ago, the organization was formed. And it is to his spirit, and his teaching, that the JKA will forever remain true.
The JKA is the Keeper of Karate’s Highest Tradition, the teacher of the art in its purest form. There are literally hundreds of schools of karate in Japan and around the world, but none is like the JKA. None teaches karate in quite the same way.

Four Different Approaches to Karate

At the various schools where you can go to learn the art of karate today, you will find that it is taught in four different ways.
The first way is as a kind of gymnastic exercise, as a simple program of muscle toning and body training.
The second way is as a sport, or ‘game,’ where you wear boxing-type gloves and often a protective face mask, and win by gaining points ac-cording to the rules. But the rules keep changing, depending on who is sponsoring the tournament for whom. And so to keep winning you have to keep learning new and different techniques.
The third way is as body-contact combat using gloves and sometimes other protective equipment, which can lead to a form of crowd-pleasing, blood-stirring entertainment, such as in Thai kick-boxing, K-1 or Pride.
And the fourth way is as a martial art, or Budo (the martial way); in other words, as a way of life. This is the way of the JKA.

JKA Karate Is Bushido

Though technically JKA karate is a refined form of Shotokan Karate, the karate perfected by Supreme Master Funakoshi, in a larger, deeper sense it is Bushido; it is karate based on the way, and molded by the spirit,of the ancient Japanese samurai warrior.
In that karate, the ultimate goal is not to someday become an Olympic champion;the goal is to develop the ability to knock down an opponent with one kick or blow.
To achieve that goal, aspirants must devote themselves to hard and virtually endless practice in the ‘inseparable trinity’ of the three fundamentals: kihon (basic techniques), kata, and kumite.
Through this practice, they inevitably grow in strength, spirit and discipline.Eventually they become formidable fighters. And all the while they are learning patience, compassion, loyalty, independence, deference, and integrity.

JKA Kumite Match Rules Are Simple and Natural

The JKA imposes only the absolute minimum of restrictions for safety’s sake. We do not wear gloves or masks or any kind of protective clothing in kumite. There are no weight classes as in boxing. There is no scoring and calculating of arbitrary points either.
The only thing that counts is whether or not the judges decide that you—tall or short, large or small, heavy or light—have defeated your opponent by accurately delivering a decisive blow with your fist or foot to a designated vital part of his or her body.
The JKA created these rules, the first match rules in the world of karate, back in 1957 when it held the first All Japan Karate Championship.
Since that time the rules have never been changed, not in any way. There is no way they could be changed. They are so simple and natural that they are inevitable: win or lose with the first deadly blow—without actually hitting your opponent.

Established after World War II

The JKA was established immediately after World War II, in 1949, with Supreme Master Funakoshi Gichin, founder of the Shotokan school of karate, as Chief Instructor.
It was established as an organization whose purpose was to train true karate masters—to teach karate as a way of life. It was not established as an organization whose purpose was merely to arrange matches.
In 1957, the JKA was approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education, under the Japanese legal system, as the sole nationwide public corporation in karate with a tax-free legal status.
Today the JKA is recognized all over the world as the largest and most important karate organization on earth. We are often compared to the Kodokan, the global center of judo.
We have our own (wholly-owned) four-story headquarters building in the heart of central Tokyo, with more than 1,500 square meters of floor space.
There we maintain a full-time staff of eighteen highly-trained, highly-paid professional instructors and four interns, under the supervision of the duly-elected Chief Instructor, Master Sugiura Motokuni.

Spreading the Kokufu-Bunka Form of Budo Karate

Our goal—the ultimate aim of everything we do—is to spread throughout the world kokufu-bunka karate-do: karate based on the ancient tradition of Japanese Bushido.
It is the purest form of karate, the highest tradition in the art, and it is our purpose to train amateur men and women in Japan and abroad in that art in a deep and thorough, disciplined way.
It is also our purpose to promote youth education throughout the world, both in physical and mental terms, through the teaching of that art.
And finally, it is our purpose to provide all those who practice true karate with an open, supportive, welcoming place in the midst of the isolation, alienation and frenzied complexity of modern society—a place where they can come together on a totally equal footing regardless of age, sex, nationality, race, social status, or profession.
In closing may I send the very best wishes from all of us at the JKA to all true karate-ka. And the JKA’s Senior Advisor, Mr. Nakasone Yasuhiro, former Prime Minister of Japan and world-famous statesman, has personally asked me to make a special point of sending his best wishes too.
Nakahara Nobuyuki
Chairman, Japan Karate Association;
Emeritus Member of the Policy Board, Bank of Japan; 
9th degree black belt

Organization of the JKA

The Japan Karate Association is the only independent karate entity legally and officially recognized by the Japanese government as an association of members (Shadan Hojin) for the promotion of karate. There is only one other authorized entity which falls under the umbrella of the JKA: the JKA World Federation (JKA/WF). No other organization shares this status. Likewise, the JKA is not dependent upon or subordinate to any other group, organization or entity. However, there are instances in which the JKA cooperates of its own volition with other organizations in an equal stance.
For the most part, the JKA is centrally organized and coordinated through Tokyo JKA HQ, although there are both National and Regional headquarters in most areas around the world.
The basic structure of the JKA’s executive committee is shown below.
JKA Organization
Senior AdvisorNakasone Yasuhiro (Former Prime Minister of Japan)
ChairmanKusahara Katsuhide
Chief InstructorUeki Masaaki
Vice Chief InstructorOishi Takeshi
Acting Executive DirectorOishi Takeshi
Board of DirectorsAraki KiyoshiIzumiya SeizoTakahashi Yasuoki
Iwamatsu YoshihikoUeki MasaakiOishi Takeshi
Ogura YasunoriKano TadahikoKusahara Katsuhide
Naka TatsuyaMatsubara HideoNishino Syuhei
Matsuura KoichiroMituhori HarukiMera Junichi
Yano KenjiYoshida Kanji
AuditorsOuchi TakamiSugita Jun
CounsellorsHoshino MuneyasuSato YujiOtsu Naonosuke
Company FriendsKon Matsuo
Shihankai
Chief InstructorUeki Masaaki
Vice Chief InstructorOishi Takeshi
Technical AdvisorMori MasatakaMikami Takayuki
Honorary members of
Shihankai Committee
Sato YujiSakai RyusukeTanaka Masahiko
Iida Norihiko
Members of 
Shihankai Committee
Ueki MasaakiOsaka YoshiharuOishi Takeshi
Takahashi YasuokiKanou MasahikoKashimoto Kazuyoshi
Hashiguchi ShinobuYano KenjiOtsu Naonosuke
Mori ToshihiroImura TakenoriAraki Kenro
Kawawada MinoruOgura YasunoriImamura Tomio
Izumiya SeizoShiina KatsutoshiNishino Syuhei
KanjikaiUeki MasaakiOsaka YoshiharuOishi Takeshi
Mori ToshihiroImura TakenoriAraki Kenro
Kawawada MinoruOgura YasunoriImamura Tomio
Shihankai Member
Hanzaki YasuoNaka TatsuyaKumagaya Shozo
Matsukura ToruYokouchi TakehisaGoukon Ikuo
Kasahara TetsuoKatano YutakaNishitoba Junichiro
Matsubara HideoHata YoshihideNozaki Tsutomu
Ichihashi TakuzoNakayama HiroshigeKawasumi Haruo
Nagamori ShigeruKawakami HirokiIwata Yoshiaki
Mera JunichiYazawa ToshihikoMashimo Haruhiko
Takahashi KazuoNakayama HiroakiSasaki Masaki
Nemoto IsaoSawada tadaoKoide Masao
Shirai KyojiShinomiya YujiKomiya Koji
Shoji KaieiTanigawa YukioKouda Iwao
Sasamoto JuroSeto KensukeOkajima Toshio
Kato BukoMatsui HidetoKawasaki Isao
Tanaka ShizuoKochi NorisatoWatanabe Kuniyoshi
Sakurai YasuoNoda YasuhikoWatanabe Yasuyuki
Taniguchi TakaoAihara TomoyukiNakatsuka Kiyoshi
Fukami AkiraYasuzato MasayoshiIwabuchi Hiroshi
Kishine ChojiYamamoto EiichiFujita Masaharu
Kanai SeikonMiura KazuharuOtani Shosuke
Makanai MasanobuFurukawa TeruoKondo Masahiko
Kamino MasaruNozaki SusumuKoga Keizo
Yamamoto KatsuhiroMitsuhori HarukiTakahashi Kuniya
Orime TetsuyaTaniyama TakuyaNishimura Kazuhiro
Nakajima MasashiSaeki MinoruNishimura Takaatsu
Koyama ShojiroKisaka KatsuharuTakahashi Syu
Ochi HideoSawada KazuhiroSergio Gneo
Naito TakeshiStan SchmidtKen Wittstock
Jorgen BuraTed HedlundJose Pacheco
Aoki Osamu
International Board of Directors
Honorary ChairmanKusahara Katsuhide
Chief InstructorUeki Masaaki
Executive DirectorOgura Yasunori
DirectorsKoyama Shojiro
(North, Central America Region)
Jean-Pierre-Cusson
(North, Central America Region)
Inoue Mitsuo
(South America Region)
Omura Fujikiyo
(Asia-Pacific Region)
Ochi Hideo
(Europe Region)
Jorgen Bura
(Europe Region)
Dr. Amr El-Kadi
(Mid-East)
Manvoumbi Mombo Wapatcha
(Africa Region)
Edward Mtshali
(Africa Region)
Mori Masataka
(Instructors Committee)
Mikami Takayuki
(Instructors Committee)
Tanaka Masahiko
(Instructors Committee)
Oishi Takeshi
(Instructors Committee)
Osaka Yoshiharu
(Instructors Committee)
Kano Masahiko
(Instructors Committee)
Kawasaki Isao
(Instructors Committee)
Tsuyama Katsuhiro
(Instructors Committee)
Yano Kenji
(Instructors Committee)
Mori Toshihiro
(Instructors Committee)
Kurasako Kenro
(Instructors Committee)
Kawawada Minoru
(Instructors Committee)
Ogura Yasunori
(Instructors Committee)

Instructor Training Graduates

The following is a list of people who have completed the JKA’s special instructor training program. Please note that some of these individuals are no longer members of the JKA.
 NameGrad
 Mikami Takayuki1957
 Takaura Eiji1957
 Tsushima Toshio1958
 Yaguchi Yutaka1958
 Ouchi Kyo1959
 Sato Masaki1959
*Saito Shigeru1959
 Inaba Mitsue1960
 Kano Masahiko1960
 Watanabe Gunji1960
*Ogata Kyoji1960
 Kisaka Katsuharu1961
 Nakaya Ken1961
 Ogawa Eiko1961
 Ueki Masaaki1961
*Enoeda Keinosuke1961
 Miyazaki Satoshi1961
*Mori Osamu1961
*Takahashi Yoshimasa1961
*Majima Kenshiro1962
 Sakai Ryusuke1962
 Jitsuhara Shoji1963
 Ochi Hideo1963
 Takahashi Yasuoki1963
*Itaya Michihisa1963
 Oishi Takeshi1965
*Tabata Yukichi1965
 Takashina Shigeru1966
 Higashi Kunio1967
 Iida Norihiko1967
*Okamoto Hideki1967
 Takahashi Shunsuke1967
 Yano Kenji1967
 Baba Isamu1970
 Horie Teruo1971
 Nishino Shuhei1971
*Hayakawa Norimasa1971
 Kanegae Kenji1972
 Osaka Yoshiharu1972
 Sasaki Yoshitaka1972
 Sato Teruo1974
 Mori Toshihiro1975
 Imura Takenori1977
 Kurasako Kenro1977
 Kawawada Minoru1978
 Komaki Masaki1978
 Omura Fujikiyo1978
 Fukami Akira1979
 Kaneko Taneaki1979
 Sakata Masashi1979
 Abe Miwako1980
 Tsuchii Takayuki1980
 Yamamoto Hideo1980
 Ogura Yasunori1982
 Imamura Tomio1983
 Kashiwagi Nobuyuki1984
 Koike Tsuyoshi1984
 Yokomichi Masaaki1984
 Izumiya Seizo1986
 Shiina Katsutoshi1986
 Hanzaki Yasuo1987
 Nakamura Yoko1987
 Naka Tatsuya1989
 Noda Kenichi1990
 Taniyama Takuya1990
*Imai Hiromitsu1991
 Takahashi Satoshi1992
 Kobayashi Kunio1993
 Ogata Koji1994
 Walter Crockford1996
 Ikenaga Atsushi1996
 Hirayama Yuko1998
 Okuma Koichiro1998
 Iwasawa Mayumi1998
 Ubukata Koji2003
 Yamada Satomi2004
 Nemoto Keisuke2004
 Okuie Satomi2004
 Kurihara Kazuaki2004
 Shimizu Ryosuke2004
 Kumeta Riki2007
 Takahashi Yuko2008
 Inokoshi Yusuke2008
 Chubachi Koji2009
 Ueda Daisuke2010
 Shiina Mai2010
 Iimura Rikiya2012
An asterisk (*) denotes individuals who have passed away
IndependentNishiyama Hidetaka

The following individuals no longer have any affiliation with the JKA:

Expelled
NameFormer InstructorFormer Member
Abe Keigo 
Aramoto Nobuyuki 
Asai Tetsuhiko 
Inaba Tsuneyuki 
Isaka Akito 
Ishimine Minoru 
Kagawa Masao 
Kagawa Masayoshi 
Kanayama Kyosho 
Mizuno Yoshihisa 
Naito Takashi 
Shin Naomitsu 
Tamon Penpa 
Tanaka Chougo 
Yahara Mikio 
Yamaguchi Toru 
Kanazawa Hirokazu 
Quit
NameFormer InstructorFormer Member
Kase Yasuharu 
Kasuya Hitoshi 
Katsumata (Suzuki) Yutaka 
Shirai Hiroshi 
Tatetsu Meicho 
Asano Shiro 
Kato Sadashige 
NOTE: For Japanese names throughout this website, we follow the Japanese custom of indicating surname first, followed by the given name.

A Brief History of the Japan Karate Association

History
Originally, the martial art Te (“Hand”) developed in Okinawa as a system of self-defense. Due to Okinawa’s frequent contact and exchange with China, it is certain that the Okinawan martial art was influenced by Chinesekempo at some point during its development. However, with only oral tradition and no formal contemporary written records, it is not certain exactly when the art called Kara-Te first emerged in Okinawa. It is believed that it developed roughly 500 years ago, when the dynastic ruler King Shoha unified the region after decades of warfare and issued an edict banning the possession of weapons on the island.
According to conventional accounts, a similar law forbidding the possession or use of weapons was re-issued and enforced by the Satsuma clan, who had invaded Okinawa in the early 1600’s and brought it under the rule of the Japanese Shogunate. It is believed that in this environment karate developed as a form of unarmed combat for protecting oneself and one’s country, and it was taught and practiced in secret.
Then came the birth in 1868 of Okinawan karate master Funakoshi Gichin. He dedicated his whole life to promoting the values of the art, and introduced the way of karate-jutsu to Japan, where it spread across the country. By 1949, his followers had established an association for the promotion of karate; they called it Nihon Karate Kyokai, or Japan Karate Association. It was the beginning of the JKA…
More on the history of the JKA:

The Early Years (1949-1957)

History
The JKA was founded in May, 1949. By 1955, the first headquarters dojo had been built at Yotsuya in Tokyo, and the first JKA Chairman had been appointed: Saigo Kichinosuke, member of the upper house of the Japanese Diet and grandson of Saigo Takamori, one of the greatest heroes of Meiji Japan. In 1956, the JKA set up the first-ever karate specialist instructor intern (kenshusei) training program at the headquarters dojo, and accepted its first round of trainees. This was the start of the finest karate instructor training program ever created, a program never matched or even approached by any other karate organization. It is through this program that the JKA has built up its unique cadre of distinguished karate instructors, all full-time salaried professionals— whose numbers are consistently maintained at roughly twenty individuals.
On April 10, 1957, the JKA became a legal entity when Japan’s Ministry of Education (now Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture) officially recognized the JKA as an association of members for the promotion of karate and the spread and enrichment of actual karate practice. Twelve years later, another karate organization was also given legal status, based not on membership but on contribution by an individual foundation, mainly for the purpose of arranging karate matches.
Roughly two weeks after official status was granted, Supreme Master Funakoshi passed away at the age of 89. After almost a decade of milestones, it was the end of an era. But the real growth of karate was yet to come.

Growth & Development (1957-1989)

Growth & Development (1957-1989)
Karate’s popularity continued to grow. In October 1957, the 1st JKA All Japan Karate Championship was held in Tokyo. At this first tournament, the first karate match rules tournament in history, the number of divisions was limited to four: men’s individual (general) kumite and kata, and men’s group (Prefectural) kumite and kata.
Once this annual tournament system was established, it wasn’t long before there were JKA karate branches in towns, schools and as many as 40 prominent universities in Japan. In 1958, Master Nakayama was appointed Chief Instructor. In 1961, His Majesty the Crown Prince of Japan (now His Majesty the Emperor of Japan) attended the 5th JKA All Japan Karate Championship. JKA karate was getting noticed.
Over the years, the tournament divisions expanded to include: a university division (1969), a women’s kata division (1974), a youth division within the general division (1975), an entirely separate youth division for elementary, junior high and high school students, and a women’s kumite division (1985). In addition, the number of participants grew enormously.
During this period, the JKA further developed its karate instruction system, and while greatly expanding its branch dojo throughout Japan, began sending (as early as 1958) some of its most highly-accomplished professional instructors overseas to America, Europe and the Middle East to teach and establish dojo. Karate was becoming a big hit outside Japan too.
In 1975, with karate’s prospective entry into the Olympics in mind, the first JKA-sponsored international tournament, the IAKF (International Amateur Karate Federation) World Cup was held in the U.S.; over the following several years it was held three additional times. However, in order to preserve the true technique and spirit of ippon-shobu (downing the opponent with one blow), the JKA ultimately established a new tournament, the Shoto World Cup Karate Championship Tournament. In 1985, the first in-
ternational Shoto World Cup was held in Japan, a testimony to how much karate had become an international art.
This period witnessed spectacular development in the art of karate.
As a result of continuous training among instructors, the karate techniques were developed into a complete system. For the first time there emerged a clear, scientific, and practical “best” form for each kumite stance, posture and movement. There also emerged a clear delineation between the “correct” and “incorrect” way to execute each stance, punch, kick or technique.
Once these techniques developed, many instructors went overseas to spread the art of karate around the world. The JKA was the first karate organization to set up dojo outside Japan. This is the reason the JKA is so prominent and powerful overseas.
Furthermore, the JKA became the only karate organization to send its qualified full-time instructors to teach karate at universities. In contrast, some other universities simply have one of their old students hold karate classes.
In 1986, Nakahara Nobuyuki, a distinguished business leader and former Tokyo University Karate Club member, was appointed the eighth Chairman of the JKA.
Sadly, as JKA karate was reaching a pinnacle, Master Nakayama passed away, in 1987. He was 74 years old.

Overcoming Challenges (1990-1999)

Overcoming Challenges (1990-1999)
In 1990, the JKA was rocked by crisis when a faction within the organization seized the JKA’s official status. The group called an extraordinary General Assembly meeting, but did not identify the agenda or state the purpose as legally required. After this unlawful meeting, the faction succeeded in illegally changing the official executive register. Thus began a long period of litigation.
Despite this, the JKA continued to progress. The overwhelming majority of members and instructors remained loyal to the original and true JKA. Then Master Sugiura Motokuni was appointed to the position of Chief Instructor in 1991. Together with Chairman Nakahara, they began initiating a return to the true spirit of karate—just when that spirit was needed most.
In 1994, the JKA published the first in a series of five authoritative text-books on kata. This series quickly became the “bible” of karate kata.
Then came the court rulings. In 1995, as members had long expected, the JKA won the case in Tokyo Local Court. In 1998, it won again in Tokyo Higher Court. Then in June 1999, the Japan Supreme Court rejected the appeal of the seceded group, and the case was closed once and for all. As a result, the legal executive register was restored to the state it was in before the faction had so forcefully changed it.
In the end, the JKA had not only weathered the challenge, but had grown stronger because of it. It had gained more internal cohesion and a stronger sense of identity than ever before.


The JKA Leaps Forward into the 21st Century (2000 to present)

The JKA Leaps Forward into the 21st Century (2000 to present)
With its legal status restored by court rulings, the JKA leapt into the 21st Century. It restructured its internal organization, and also reorganized its financial base.
In December 2000, it purchased land and established a brand new headquarters and dojo in the center of Tokyo. This was the first time the JKA had owned its own land and building. The grand opening ceremony was held in May 2001, attended by numerous dignitaries and many members from other karate organizations.
With renewed vigor, the JKA repositioned itself, clearly defining itself as ‘The Keeper of Karate’s Highest Tradition.’ In 2004, it launched a new official website, through which it continues, as always, to promote true karate around the world.
The Japan Karate Association (JKA) was originally established in 1948 as a not-for-profit organization. Based on its significant contribution to society through a number of activities, the Japanese Ministry of Education recognized JKA as SHADAN HOJIN (incorporated association) in 1957. Through continuous contribution and its commitment to society, JKA was further recognized by the government of Japan as KOEKI SHADAN HOJIN (public interest incorporated association) on March 21, 2012. JKA is the only Japanese martial arts associations to date to be given such recognition by its government.
The mandate of JKA is to contribute to world peace through 1) conducting research and providing instruction of Karate-Do, 2) influencing children and adolescents to improve their physical and mental health as well as cultivating the spirit of martial arts, and 3) wide distribution of the concept of Japanese martial art which emphasizes manners and respect.
JKA members endeavor to develop their characters and contribute to society on a daily basis, this is the objective of JKA and is the truth value of Karate-Do as a martial art. JKA takes this responsibility seriously and always endeavor to contribute to society through various activities.

Supreme Master Funakoshi Gichin (1868-1957)

The Father of Modern Karate

Supreme Master Funakoshi Gichin (1868-1957)
Funakoshi Gichin was born on Nov 10, 1868 in Yamakawa, Shuri, Okinawa Prefecture. He was of samurai lineage, from a family which in former times had been vassals of Ryukyu Dynasty nobles.
By age 11 he had already made a name for himself in Ryukyu-style martial arts. Beginning his training under Master Azato Anko, it wasn’t long before he equaled his master in ability, and shared with him the distinction of being the “most accomplished” martial artist in the field. He also learned karate-jutsu (written with characters that mean “Chinese-hand martial art”) from Master Itosu Anko. Both his teachers were impressed by his nobility of character.
As over the years he pursued his training and continuously developed his remarkable skills, Master Funakoshi became chairman of the Okinawa Martial Arts Society, as well as an instructor at the Okinawa Teacher’s School. Then in 1922, when he was 54 years old, he introduced Okinawan karate-jutsu at the first Ministry of Education (now Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture)-sponsored Physical Education Exhibition. This introduction, the first ever public display of karate-jutsu in Japan, was a stunning success. And the previously unknown martial artist Funakoshi Gichin rose to instant fame throughout the Japanese world of martial arts.
Immediately the founder of modern judo, Kano Jigoro, invited Master Funakoshi and his pupil Gima Shinkin to the Kodokan judo dojo to give a demonstration of kata. The highly-attended event filled the Kodokan dojo to capacity. It was so well-received that Master Funakoshi found himself pressed on all sides to stay in Tokyo.
Excited by the opportunity to further promote the martial art that he had done so much to introduce to Japan, Master Funakoshi subsequently began teaching it at Tokyo’s Meiseijuku, a dormitory for Okinawan students there. In 1922, he published a book entitled “Ryukyu Kempo Karate.” It was the first formal exposition in Japan on the art of karate-jutsu. Not only were its contents fresh and novel, it was also beautifully written, and immediately created an unprecedented karate boom.
As the popularity of karate-jutsu began to spread, Master Funakoshi produced the first ever “Dan Ranking Certification” in April, 1924.
Around the same time, with the encouragement of his teacher of Buddhism, Abbot Furukawa Gyodo of Enkakuji Temple in Kamakura, Master Funakoshi started practicing Zen. He contemplated the well-known Buddhist teaching that says “form is emptiness and emptiness is form.” He began to see the relevance of that teaching to his martial art, and ultimately changed the characters for karate from kara + te (“Chinese” + “hand”) to kara + te (“empty” + “hand”).
Then, in order to popularize the “local” Okinawan martial art in the rest of Japan, Master Funakoshi synthesized a complete system of techniques and theory, and changed the Chinese and Okinawan names of the kata into standard Japanese. In 1929, after much thought and reflection, he also changed the name of karate-jutsu (“Chinese-hand martial art”) to karate-do (“the way of karate,” or “the way of the empty hand”). He then defined the Twenty Precepts of Karate, and established a grand karate philosophy.
At last the way of karate had come into its own, and was gaining popularity all across Japan. The number of people wishing to begin training was growing daily—so much so that it became difficult to find a place for them to practice. So in 1939 Master Funakoshi established the “Shotokan” dojo, which he built at his own expense. (“Shoto” was the literary first name he used when doing calligraphy and writing poetry. “Shoto” means “Pine Waves,” and refers to the sound of wind blowing through the pines, which resembles the sound of ocean waves.)
By this time, Master Funakoshi had long been teaching karate to high-school and university students. As a result, karate clubs had sprung up at higher education institutions all over Japan—which is another reason why karate has become as respected as it is today.
In the air raids of World War II, the Shotokan dojo was destroyed, and the growth of karate came to a halt. But after the war, followers of Funakoshi’s way re-grouped, and in 1949 they formed the Japan Karate Association, with Funakoshi Gichin as Supreme Master.
On April 10, 1957, the Ministry of Education gave official recognition to the JKA, and it became a legal entity. A mere sixteen days later, at the age of 89, Master Funakoshi passed away. A large public memorial service was held at the Ryogoku Kokugikan (Ryogoku National Sumo Hall), attended by more than 20,000 people, including many famous names who came to pay their respects.
A memorial monument to Master Funakoshi was established at Enkakuji Temple in Kamakura. Members of the JKA pay an honorary visit on April 29th each year, the date of the Shoto Festival.

Master Nakayama Masatoshi (1913-1987)

Carrying On the Spirit and Tradition of Funakoshi Gichin’s Work

Master Nakayama Masatoshi (1913-1987)
Master Nakayama Masatoshi had martial arts in his blood. Born in April 1913 in Yamaguchi Prefecture, he was a descendant of the Sanada clan, in the Nagano region. His ancestors were highly-skilled instructors of kenjutsu (the art of swordsmanship).
Upon entering Takushoku University in 1932, Master Nakayama immediately joined the university’s karate club, studying under Master Funakoshi Gichin and one of the master’s sons, Funakoshi Yoshitaka. Deciding to devote his life to karate, he traveled to China after graduation for further study and training.
When he returned from China in May 1946, he got together with fellow Shotokan practitioners from his university days to revive the Shotokan karate tradition with Funakoshi Gichin as Supreme Master. Together, in 1949, they established the Japan Karate Association. In 1955 a headquarters dojo was built at Yotsuya in Tokyo. It spurred the building of JKA branch dojo all across Japan.
The efforts of the Japan Karate Association to embody and promote the spirit of karate-do were highly regarded by the Ministry of Education (now Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture). In 1957, the Ministry granted the JKA exclusive legal recognition in Japan as an official association of members for the promotion of the way of karate.
During that time and over the next several years, Master Nakayama made immeasurable contributions to the art. He developed, together with his fellow JKA instructors, a new, rational method of teaching that was tailored to the level and goals of each student: karate as a physical development tool, karate as a method of self-defense, karate for matches, etc. He also emphasized the necessity for each aspect of training to be physically and kinesthetically practical, and he scientifically analyzed how to make them so.
Moreover, to ensure that the true essence of karate-do was being passed on correctly, he and his disciples established a two-year specialist instructor training program, which is still the only specialist instruction system in the world of karate. And the training never ends; the JKA is, and always has been, the only karate organization whose full-time instructors continue to get together every day for joint practice. Through this program, JKA instructors constantly endeavor to refine and perfect their karate.
Master Nakayama also invented karate’s first match system: the first ever JKA All Japan Karate Championship was held at Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in October, 1957—and was attended by so many participants and spectators that the venue was filled to capacity.
His adaptation of kata and kumite for the match system was a huge success; the 5th JKA All Japan Karate Championship in 1961 was even attended by His Majesty the Crown Prince of Japan (now His Majesty the Emperor of Japan). Karate was growing increasingly popular throughout the world.
Master Nakayama valued the spiritual aspects of karate that his teacher Funakoshi Gichin espoused—especially the virtue of modesty and the spirit of harmony. He never tired of teaching, by his example more than his words, that to demonstrate these qualities requires not only a deep sense of propriety, but also a constant remembrance that “there is no first attack in karate.”
In actual practice, Master Nakayama insisted that each technique should demonstrate one’s powerful and wholehearted personal best. He also emphasized that it is crucial to study the inseparable trinity of karate—kihonkata, and kumite—as one. And he continually reminded everyone to keep in mind that “the way of karate we pursue is a bare-handed martial art which we practice with an unwavering heart in a state of emptiness; it is a way of developing the personality.”
In his later years, he summarized all his techniques and philosophy in the famous 11-volume series entitled “Best Karate.”
Master Nakayama passed away in 1987, at the age of 74.